Ways We Care For You: Exams


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Body Scanning – Coronary Artery Calcification

Exam explanation:
Studies have shown that the amount of calcification with atherosclerotic plaques is an excellent indication of the total amount of atherosclerosis in the coronary arteries. Approximately 20% of the plaque is calcified. The amount of plaque present allows accurate prediction of the likelihood of a high-grade narrowing of at least one coronary artery. Calcium is easily detected by CT scanning. Your test will provide you with a Coronary Artery Calcification Score based on the amount of calcification detected. Your score is an accurate predictor of the degree of narrowing of the coronary arteries and the likelihood of a future coronary event (heart attack). The coronary artery scan is recommended for middle-aged adults (men 35-70 and women 40-70) with one or more risk factors, including high cholesterol or blood pressure, family history, obesity, smoking, sedentary lifestyle or age (male over 45, female over 55).
Exam preparation:
Contact Mercy Imaging Centers for more information. As with any medical procedure, be sure to inform your physician or the technologist if there is any possibility that you are pregnant or if you have a history of allergies.
During the exam:
The screening is simple, painless and noninvasive. First, you will be asked to complete a brief risk factor questionnaire and change into a gown. The radiology technologist, who is specially trained in imaging procedures, will help position you on the table of the CT scanner. If you are getting your heart scanned, two EKG electrodes will be placed on the upper chest and two more on the upper abdomen. You will lie face-up on the table as it automatically moves into the scanner. The scanner is open-faced and non-claustrophobic. While inside the scanner, you will be able to see your outside surroundings. The technologist will talk with you from the control room where they can see you at all times. The CT scanner resembles a large ring, which rotates around your body as it sends and picks up X-rays obtaining cross-sectional images. During the scanning process, the technologist will ask you to lie completely still, holding your breath for a short period of time, while the images are taken. In just a few minutes, your exam is complete and you can return to your regular routine.
Exam locations:
Mercy Imaging Center, Roseville;
Mercy Imaging and Mammography Center, Carmichael
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Body Scanning – Lung Screening

Exam explanation:
Spotting lung cancer in its earliest stages has been nearly impossible in the past because developing nodules are usually too small to show up on regular chest X-rays. Now, a low-dose CT scan can detect small nodules and the early signs of lung cancer. You should consider this procedure if you are at high risk of developing lung cancer. High risk includes significant smoking history or significant exposure to second hand smoke, family history or exposure to other known risk factors associated with lung cancer such as occupational asbestos. Yearly screening is recommended.
Exam preparation:
Contact Mercy Imaging Centers for more information. As with any medical procedure, be sure to inform your physician or the technologist if there is any possibility that you are pregnant or if you have a history of allergies.
During the exam:
The screening is simple, painless and noninvasive. First, you will be asked to complete a brief risk factor questionnaire. The radiology technologist, who is specially trained in imaging procedures, will help position you on the table of the CT scanner. If you are getting your heart scanned, two EKG electrodes will be placed on the upper chest and two more on the upper abdomen. You will lie face up on the table as it automatically moves into the scanner. The scanner is open-faced and non-claustrophobic. While inside the scanner, you will be able to see your outside surroundings. The technologist will talk with you from the control room where they can see you at all times. The CT scanner resembles a large ring, which rotates around your body as it sends and picks up X-rays obtaining cross-sectional images. During the scanning process, the technologist will ask you to lie completely still, holding your breath for a short period of time, while the images are taken. In just a few minutes, your exam is complete and you can return to your regular routine.
Exam locations:
Mercy Imaging Center, Roseville;
Mercy Imaging and Mammography Center, Carmichael
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Bone Densitometry

Exam explanation:
Osteoporosis is a leading cause of disability among older people, particularly elderly women. Bones weakened by mineral loss are prone to fractures, especially in the spine and hip. Low bone density is measured by a number of techniques. These techniques all measure bone mineralization and detect osteoporosis or bone loss due to menopause, medications or other risk factors. Your test results will assist your physician in determining if treatment is necessary.
Exam preparation:
- Bone Densitometry - see below under using DEXA
- Bone Densitometry - see below under using QCT
During the exam:
This test is a simple, painless, noninvasive procedure. In fact, it may be the easiest medical examination you will have over the course of your life. Certified medical personnel will conduct the exam and will be with you at all times. You will be asked to lie down on the padded table positioned on your back. You will not be enclosed in any way during the exam. It is important that you relax and lie as still as possible during the exam, but you will be able to breathe normally throughout the procedure. As you’re relaxing comfortably, a movable arm passes over the area (hip and/or spine) to be tested. You will not feel anything during the exam. The test involves an extremely small dose of radiation. The entire procedure will take approximately 20 minutes.
Exam locations:
Mercy Imaging Center, Folsom;
Mercy Imaging Center, Roseville;
Mercy Imaging and Mammography Center, Carmichael
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Bone Densitometry – using DEXA

Exam explanation:
DEXA Scan is one of the most widely used detectors of bone mineral density. The use of low dose radiation in conjunction with highly sophisticated computerized analysis provides unique and accurate information.
Exam preparation:
Eat normally on the day of the exam, but avoid calcium supplements at least two hours before your appointment. If possible, wear comfortable clothing, avoiding zippers, underwires, metal buttons and jewelry. If you’ve had a GI Series Test or Barium Enema, you will need to wait at least seven days before your exam. As with any medical procedure, be sure to inform your physician or our technologist if you are pregnant or if you have a history of allergies.
During the exam:
This test is a simple, painless, noninvasive procedure. In fact, it may be the easiest medical examination you will have over the course of your life. Certified medical personnel will conduct the exam and will be with you at all times. You will be asked to lie down on the padded table positioned on your back. You will not be enclosed in any way during the exam. It is important that you relax and lie as still as possible during the exam, but you will be able to breathe normally throughout the procedure. As you’re relaxing comfortably, a movable arm passes over the area (hip and/or spine) to be tested. You will not feel anything during the exam. The test involves an extremely small dose of radiation. The entire procedure will take approximately 20 minutes.
Exam locations:
Mercy Imaging Center, Folsom;
Mercy Imaging Center, Roseville;
Mercy Imaging and Mammography Center, Carmichael
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Bone Densitometry – using QCT

Exam explanation:
Quantitative Computed Tomography (QCT) is the only method of bone densitometry that provides a cross-sectional or 3-dimensional image from which the interior of the bone alone is measured directly, independent of the surrounding tissue. This technique is more reproducible and has greater accuracy than any other method.
Exam preparation:
Eat normally on the day of the exam, but avoid calcium supplements at least two hours before your appointment. If you’ve had a GI Series Test or Barium Enema, you will need to wait at least seven days before your exam. As with any medical procedure, be sure to inform your physician or our technologist if you are pregnant or if you have a history of allergies. If possible, wear comfortable clothing, avoiding zippers, underwires, metal buttons and jewelry.
During the exam:
When you arrive, you may be asked to change into a gown or pajamas if the proper clothing is not worn. You will be positioned on the padded CT table with a QCT phantom (a measuring device) placed under your lower back. This position is very comfortable. The technologist will take two to four images (slices) through the lower vertebral bodies. This data is then transferred to another computer for processing. The exam is fast, simple and safe. The radiation dose is very low. The exam will only take approximately 15 minutes.
Exam locations:
Mercy Imaging Center, Folsom;
Mercy Imaging Center, Roseville;
Mercy Imaging and Mammography Center, Carmichael
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Breast Cyst Aspiration

Exam explanation:
Breast Cyst Aspiration is a simple procedure to remove cyst fluid with mammography or ultrasound guidance.
Exam preparation:
No special preparation is required for this exam.
During the exam:
When you arrive, you will be asked to change into a gown. The aspiration site is cleaned with alcohol and a topical anesthetic is applied. The radiologist will locate the cyst using mammogram or ultrasound guidance and then will insert a small needle into the breast through the cyst wall. The cyst fluid is drained into a syringe while the radiologist uses the ultrasound or mammographic image to ensure that as much fluid as possible is removed. The cyst fluid may be sent for further laboratory studies. A Band-Aid is applied to the skin after the aspiration and the patient can usually return to her normal activities.
Exam locations:
Mercy Imaging Center, San Juan Plaza;
Mercy Imaging Center, Timberlake
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Breast Needle Localization

Exam explanation:
Breast Needle Localization is a procedure that uses mammography or ultrasound to locate, and a needle to biopsy, breast abnormalities that cannot be felt (nonpalpable abnormalities). Localization is used before a surgical biopsy.
Exam preparation:
Follow the instructions from your surgeon. Wash your breasts and underarms and do not apply any deodorant or talcum powder which can cause artifacts on the X-ray film. As with any medical procedure, be sure to inform your physician or the technologist if there is any possibility that you are pregnant or if you have a history of allergies.
During the exam:
Just prior to surgery, you will arrive at our facility and will be asked to change into a gown. The radiologist will locate the abnormality on a mammogram or with ultrasound. Under mammogram or ultrasound guidance, the radiologist inserts a fine needle so the tip rests in the suspicious area. A wire and/or dye is injected and then the needle is removed. A second mammogram or ultrasound is taken to confirm that the abnormality was targeted. The area injected will be wrapped with a gauze bandage.
Exam locations:
Mercy Imaging Center, San Juan Plaza;
Mercy Imaging Center, Timberlake
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Computed Tomography (CT/CAT) Scan

Exam explanation:
CT uses special X-ray equipment to obtain image data from different angles around the body. The computer takes the data and creates a visual image of each slice of information. The radiologist is able to review the slices of information in sequence, which creates a two-dimensional image of the inside of your body. CT imaging is particularly useful because it can show several types of tissue – lung, bone, soft tissue and blood vessels – with great clarity. CT helps the radiologists diagnose problems such as cancers, cardiovascular disease, infectious disease, trauma and musculoskeletal disorders.
Exam preparation:
CT of the abdomen, pelvis, kidney: A special kit is required for this test. The kit contains two bottles of Barium Sulfate. You may pick this kit up from our facility. Further instructions will be included with the kit. You must pick up your kit at least one (1) day before your exam or arrive 30 minutes prior to your scheduled appointment. - Do not eat or drink anything four hours prior to exam - Take essential medications with a small amount of water. As with any medical procedure, be sure to inform your physician or the technologist if there is any possibility that you are pregnant or if you have a history of allergies.
During the exam:
After you arrive for your appointment, depending on the area of your body to be scanned, you may need to change into a gown or pajamas. Some scans may require a contrast agent to help highlight the areas inside your body that your doctor wants to see. This is given in the form of a drink or an injection. Once you are prepared for your exam, the technologist, who is specially trained in imaging procedures, will help position you on the table of the CT scanner. Usually you will lie face up and the table will automatically move into the large donut shaped scanner. While inside the scanner, you will be able to see your outside surroundings. The technologist will talk with you from the control room where they can see you at all times. When you are ready, the scanner is turned on. The ring rotates around your body as it sends and picks up X-rays. It is very important to lie completely still. Periodically, the technologist may use the intercom to ask you to hold your breath for short periods of time. This helps to create better pictures when scanning the abdomen or chest. Most CT examinations take 30 minutes.
Exam locations:
Mercy Imaging Center, Folsom;
Mercy Imaging Center, Roseville;
Mercy Imaging and Mammography Center, Carmichael
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CT Angiography

Exam explanation:
One of the most exciting application advances made possible by helical CT scanning is CT Angiography (CTA). CTA is a new method of evaluating the vascular system using reconstructions of CT-acquired data. Its advantages over conventional angiography include noninvasive technique, decreased patient contrast dose, shorter exam time and more radiographic information from a single exam.
Exam preparation:
Do not eat or drink anything four hours prior to exam. Take essential medications with a small amount of water. Tell your physician or the technologist if there is any possibility that you are pregnant or if you have a history of allergies.
During the exam:
After you arrive for your appointment, depending on the area of your body to be scanned, you may need to change into a gown or pajamas. Once you are prepared for your exam, the technologist, who is specially trained in imaging procedures, will help position you on the table of the CT scanner. Usually you will lie face up and the table will move into the large donut shape scanner. While inside the scanner, you will be able to see your outside surroundings. An injection of contrast will be given so the vessels inside your body can be visualized on the images. The technologist will talk with you from the control room where they can see you at all times. When you are ready, the injection will start and the scanner will rotate around your body collecting X-ray information for the pictures. It is very important to lie completely still. Periodically, the technologist may use the intercom to ask you to hold your breath for short periods of time. The exam will take approximately 30 minutes.
Exam locations:
Mercy Imaging Center, Folsom;
Mercy Imaging Center, Roseville;
Mercy Imaging and Mammography Center, Carmichael
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Dental Implant Imaging

Exam explanation:
The best way for your dental implant clinician to determine the proper placement for your implant is with a CAT Scan, Computerized Axial Tomography. This method provides measurement accuracy that far exceeds that of other diagnostic modalities because it allows the dental implant clinician to see 3-dimensional information about your bone quantity and quality.
Exam preparation:
Prior to scanning, you must remove all metal, such as jewelry, from the head and neck area. Remove all removable braces or bridges from your mouth. An appliance may be sent with you from your dental implant clinician that will be inserted in your mouth during the scan. As with any medical procedure, be sure to inform your physician or the technologist if there is any possibility that you are pregnant or if you have a history of allergies.
During the exam:
You will be asked to lie on your back on the padded CT table and will be instructed to hold perfectly still during the scan. Tape on your chin will help secure this position as any motion will require re-scanning to obtain good data. You can breath normally but right before the exam, you will be asked not to swallow. The scanning takes approximately two minutes. We will check the images to assure good quality. After the exam, you can wait while we process the data and produce final images for you to take back to your dental implant clinician. The whole process takes approximately 30 minutes.
Exam locations:
Mercy Imaging and Mammography Center, Carmichael;
Mercy Imaging Center, Folsom;
Mercy Imaging Center, Roseville
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EndoVenous Laser Treatment (EVLT)

Exam explanation:
With a slight nick to the skin, a thin catheter and imaging technology, Interventional Radiologists treat varicose veins with a higher success rate, a lower recurrence rate and far less pain than surgery. This minimally invasive, targeted treatment takes less than an hour and allows an immediate return to normal activities. EVLT is just one of the advances in medicine offered by the Mercy Imaging Centers. Know your options. Today, you have non-surgical choices and direct access to these specialists. Non-Surgical EndoVenous Laser Treatment- Eliminate unsightly varicose veins at the source. The twisted bulging that causes discomfort and embarrassment results from faulty valves in the veins. As blood flows through your veins to the heart, stop valves are supposed to prevent the blood from flowing backwards as gravity pulls it down. If the valves don’t close properly, blood pools in the vein, forcing the walls to enlarge and bulge out. EVLT® uses targeted laser energy to seal the vein shut and help you look and feel better fast! For more information, please call Sheryl Schroeder (Interventional Clinical Coordinator) EVLT/Interventional hotline @ (916) 863-2804 ext. 115.
Exam preparation:
See the following exam videos available from Mercy Imaging Centers: 1) Patient Selection 2) EVLT Procedure 3) Results. As with any medical procedure, be sure to inform your physician or the technologist if there is any possibility that you are pregnant or if you have a history of allergies.
During the exam:
EVLT® is a quick, procedure that leaves no scar and is performed in an outpatient setting. The treatment takes less than one hour. Here’s what to expect when you arrive: - Your doctor will use ultrasound to map out your veins - A local anesthetic is applied - A thin laser fiber is inserted through a tiny entry point, usually near the knee - Laser energy is delivered to seal the faulty vein - Walking immediately after the procedure is encouraged. Normal daily activity can be resumed right away, barring rigorous activities, such as jogging - After the procedure, there may be minor soreness and bruising. Any discomfort can be treated with over-the-counter, non-aspirin pain relievers as needed
Exam locations:
Mercy Imaging and Mammography Center, Carmichael
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Fluoroscopy

Exam explanation:
- Upper Gastrointestinal Series
- Barium Enema
- Esophagram
Exam locations:
Mercy Imaging and Mammography Center, Carmichael;
Mercy Imaging Center, San Juan Plaza
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Fluoroscopy – Upper Gastrointestinal Series (UGI)

Exam explanation:
This exam is usually performed to diagnose abnormalities in the esophagus (food pipe), stomach and duodenum (small intestine). The test can detect disorders such as ulcers and certain cancers.
Exam preparation:
Do not eat, drink, chew gum or smoke after midnight on the evening before your exam and on the day of your exam. As with any medical procedure, be sure to inform your physician or the technologist if there is any possibility that you are pregnant or if you have a history of allergies.
During the exam:
When you arrive, you will need to change into a gown or pajamas. Preliminary pictures of your abdomen will be taken using regular X-ray. You will then be given a small amount of granules to swallow with water to help prepare your stomach. Next, you will be asked to drink a thick liquid called a contrast agent (barium sulfate). The contrast allows the radiologist to clearly see parts of your body through a fluoroscope (an X-ray machine combined with a television screen). As you drink the barium, the radiologist will watch the barium go through your body and will take pictures of the different parts of your gastrointestinal tract. You may be asked to lie in different positions on the X-ray table. The exam usually takes 20 minutes. After the exam you can return to your normal diet and activity. Drink extra fluid. Barium sometimes causes constipation, so you may want to take a mild laxative for the first day. It is normal for your stool to turn white for a day or two after the exam.
Exam locations:
Mercy Imaging and Mammography Center, Carmichael;
Mercy Imaging Center, San Juan Plaza
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Fluoroscopy – Barium Enema

Exam explanation:
A barium enema is an X-ray exam used to diagnose abnormalities in your large intestine (colon), such as colon cancer, as well as other disorders of the colon, such as Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
Exam preparation:
Tell your physician or the technologist if there is any possibility that you are pregnant or if you have a history of allergies. A special kit is required for this test. The kit contains a Dulcolax Prep Kit and a bottle of Citrate of Mangnesia. You may pick this kit up from our facility or your physician, or you may purchase these items from your pharmacy. You must pick up the kit at least the day before your exam. Follow the kit instructions carefully. When inserting the suppository, wait at least 15 minutes before using the toilet, even if the urge is strong.
During the exam:
When you arrive, you will need to change into a gown or pajamas. Preliminary pictures will be taken of the abdomen using regular X-ray. You will then lie on your side on the X-ray table. The technologist will gently slip a lubricated tip into your rectum and the radiologist will slowly release barium. Barium is a contrast agent which allows the doctor to see parts of your body through a fluoroscope (an X-ray machine combined with a television screen). The radiologist will watch the barium go through your intestine and will take different pictures as it moves. The radiologist may also push on your abdomen to make sure that all of the loops of your colon are filled with barium. Depending on your symptoms, the radiologist may also introduce air into the colon through the same tube that the barium runs through. A barium enema is not dangerous, but it may be uncomfortable. You may have cramps as the barium enters your colon. You may also feel a strong urge to use the bathroom. The exam usually takes between 20 and 30 minutes. After the exam you will go to the bathroom to expel barium, a few more X-rays of your empty colon may be taken. You can return to your normal diet and activities. Drink extra fluids. Barium sometimes causes constipation, so you may want to take a mild laxative for the first day.
Exam locations:
Mercy Imaging and Mammography Center, Carmichael;
Mercy Imaging Center, San Juan Plaza
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Fluoroscopy – Esophagram

Exam explanation:
An Esophagram is an X-ray examination of your esophagus and is sometimes referred to as a Barium Swallow.
Exam preparation:
Do not eat or drink anything six hours prior to the exam. As with any medical procedure, be sure to inform your physician or the technologist if there is any possibility that you are pregnant or if you have a history of allergies.
During the exam:
When you arrive, you will need to change into a gown or pajamas. The exam may be done while you are standing up or lying down. You will be given a liquid drink called barium which is a flavored, chalky material mixed with water. It is thick like a milkshake. As you drink the barium, the radiologist will watch through a fluoroscope (an X-ray machine combined with a television screen). The barium coats the esophagus and allows the radiologist to examine it in great detail. X-ray pictures of this procedure are taken. The procedure takes approximately 20 minutes.
Exam locations:
Mercy Imaging and Mammography Center, Carmichael;
Mercy Imaging Center, San Juan Plaza
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Hysterosalpingogram (HSG)

Exam explanation:
A hysterosalpingogram is an X-ray procedure that allows us to see an outline of the inside of the fallopian tubes and uterine cavity. The test is performed on women who are undergoing infertility evaluation and treatment, or after a surgery has been performed on the uterus or tubes.
Exam preparation:
Since the procedure involves ionizing X-radiation to the ovaries, it is important that there is no possibility that you are pregnant. Therefore, we will ask you about the date of your last menstrual period. You may want to take a pain reliever one hour before the exam as you may experience cramping. As with any medical procedure, be sure to inform your physician or the technologist if there is any possibility that you are pregnant or if you have a history of allergies.
During the exam:
When you arrive, you will need to change into a gown or pajamas. You will lie down on an X-ray table and will be prepped as for a pelvic exam. A speculum (the metal instrument used during a pap smear) is introduced by the radiologist into the vaginal cavity to visualize the cervix. Your cervix will be cleaned off and then a very slender catheter will be inserted so that X-ray dye can be injected into your uterus and tubes. The radiologist will be able to watch the dye flow through your uterus and fallopian tubes through a fluoroscope (an X-ray machine combined with a television screen). X-ray pictures of this procedure are taken. The procedure takes approximately 30 minutes. After the exam, you may experience some spotting. This is normal.
Exam locations:
Mercy Imaging Center, San Juan Plaza
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Interventional Radiology

Exam explanation:
Interventional Radiology is a subspecialty of radiology in which medical conditions are diagnosed and treated non-operatively using radiological guidance to direct tiny instruments throughout the vascular system and other areas of the body. Only a 1/8 inch skin nick is needed. Many of these procedures have replaced traditional surgery since they are shorter, safer and more cost effective. Common interventional radiology procedures are: Biopsy - Obtaining samples from tissue such as the liver or breast using a thin needle. Angiogram/Arteriogram - An X-ray examination of the arteries done by injecting contrast into the vessel. Angioplasty and Stent Placement - Opening of blocked blood vessels using tiny balloons. Nephrostomy - Draining of an obstructed kidney Thrombolysis - Opening of blocked arteries or veins using clot dissolving medicines. Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt (TIPS) - Controlling severe stomach bleeding by making a new blood path through the liver. Uterine Fibroid Embolization - Blocking the arteries that supply blood to the fibroids causing them to shrink. In certain cases, Interventional Radiology may be an alternative to a hysterectomy. Vascular Embolization - Controlling bleeding by plugging leaky vessels from the inside. Vena Cava Filter - Placing a device to prevent clots from damaging the lungs
.
Exam preparation:
You will be contacted by the nurse or physician staff prior to the exam for exact instructions and details. As with any medical procedure, be sure to inform your physician or the technologist if there is any possibility that you are pregnant or if you have a history of allergies.
During the exam:
Each exam is unique and specialized. Prior to your exam you will receive information on what to expect during the procedure. Most procedures are done on a same-day basis and are usually done under local anesthesia, using intravenous sedation as needed.
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Intravenous Pyelogram (IVP)

Exam explanation:
An IVP is an X-ray study of the kidneys, bladder and ureters (the tubes that carry urine from the kidney to the bladder). The test shows how well your urinary tract is working.
Exam preparation:
You will need to obtain a 10 oz. bottle of Citrate of Magnesia from our facility or from your pharmacy by the morning before the day of your exam. At 2 p.m. on the day before your exam, drink the Citrate of Magnesia. After midnight, you may drink only clear liquids up to two hours before your exam. No food or dairy products. Do not smoke or chew gum until your exam is finished. As with any medical procedure, be sure to inform your physician or the technologist if there is any possibility that you are pregnant or if you have a history of allergies.
During the exam:
When you arrive, you will need to change into a gown or pajamas. Then you will lie down on the X-ray table. Once the preliminary pictures are taken, our nurse will inject a contrast solution into a vein in your arm. The contrast will enter your bloodstream, traveling through your kidneys, down your ureters and into your bladder. The technologist will take X-ray pictures every few minutes after the injection to see how the contrast travels through your urinary tract. The exam takes about one hour.
Exam locations:
Mercy Imaging and Mammography Center, Carmichael
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Mammography

Exam explanation:
Mammography is an X-ray examination which uses extremely low doses of radiation to obtain accurate images of the breasts. It is the best way of detecting small cancers even before they can be felt. The American Cancer Society estimates that one in nine women will develop breast cancer in her lifetime. While the exact cause of breast cancer has not been found, we do know that it is treatable and can often be cured when detected early. Mammography, physician examination and breast self examination are the three components of a complete screening program for early breast cancer detection. SCREENING - Screening Mammography is the proper examination for a woman who does not have significant breast symptoms. The American Cancer Society recommends that a woman have a mammogram every one to two years between the ages of 40-49 and every year over the age of 50. Your physician may recommend a screening mammogram before age forty, based on your risk factors for breast cancer. DIAGNOSTIC - This comprehensive/diagnostic exam is designed for women with signs or symptoms of breast disease such as a worrisome breast lump, skin changes or nipple discharge. It is also used to further evaluate problematic areas detected on Screening Mammography.
Exam preparation:
If your breasts become tender as you approach menstruation, you may want to schedule your exam in mid-cycle to lessen any discomfort. If you have had a mammogram before, please let us know when you schedule your examination so that we may have the films available for our radiologists to compare with your new films. Wash your breasts and underarms and do not apply any deodorant or talcum powder which can cause artifacts on the X-ray film. You will need to undress from the waist up for the exam, so you may wish to wear a two piece outfit. As with any medical procedure, be sure to inform your physician or the technologist if there is any possibility that you are pregnant or if you have a history of allergies.
During the exam:
When you arrive you will be asked to change into a gown or pajamas. A registered female technologist will perform your examination. Each breast will be compressed for a few seconds while the X-rays are taken. The routine views are a top-to-bottom view and a side view. This may be slightly uncomfortable, but it is necessary for an accurate examination. When the exam is completed, you will be asked to wait until the technologist examines the images to determine if more are needed. The procedure takes approximately 20 minutes. DURING THE DIAGNOSTIC EXAM: This procedure will take place in the same manner as the screening exam, but may include additional views or special techniques to magnify a suspicious area or to eliminate shadows produced by overlapping layer of normal breast tissue. If you have a lump and it appears to be a cyst, your doctor may ask you to have a sonogram (ultrasound study). The diagnostic test may suggest that a biopsy is needed to tell whether or not the lesion is cancer.
Exam locations:
Mercy Imaging and Mammography Center, Carmichael;
Mercy Imaging Center, San Juan Plaza;
Mercy Imaging Center, Timberlake
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MR Angiography

Exam explanation:
Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA) in most cases is a non-invasive technique using MRI to image blood vessels of any body part, most commonly those in the head and neck. MRA is an alternative to conventional angiography and is the preferred diagnostic tool for the detection of plaques and narrowing (stenoses) in the blood vessels. Unlike conventional angiography, MRA does not require the insertion of catheters into the blood vessels.
Exam preparation:
When scheduling your appointment, you will be asked if you have any metal objects in your body, since the metal may interfere with the magnetic field. MRI cannot be performed on people with: - Cardiac pacemakers or defibrillators - Neurostimulators - Some brain aneurysm clips - Metal fragments in the eye (plain film X-rays will be done of the orbits if there is prior history of a metallic foreign body.) If you are having a scan of the head, we recommend that you do not wear heavy eye makeup as the metal particles in the makeup may interfere with your exam. You may follow your normal diet and take any medications in your usual fashion. As with any medical procedure, be sure to inform your physician or the technologist if there is any possibility that you are pregnant or if you have a history of allergies.
Exam locations:
Mercy Imaging and Mammography Center, Carmichael;
Mercy Imaging Center, Folsom;
Mercy Imaging Center, Roseville
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MR Cholangiopancreatography (MRCP)

Exam explanation:
A non-invasive method of depicting the biliary tree and the pancreatic duct without injection of contrast material. This technique may help avoid more invasive procedures (ERCP) in the common bile duct.
Exam preparation:
When scheduling your appointment, you will be asked if you have any metal objects in your body, since the metal may interfere with the magnetic field. MRI cannot be performed on people with: - Cardiac pacemakers or defibrillators - Neurostimulators - Some brain aneurysm clips - Metal fragments in the eye (plain film X-rays will be done of the orbits if there is prior history of a metallic foreign body) If you are having a scan of the head, we recommend that you do not wear heavy eye makeup as the metal particles in the makeup may interfere with your exam. You may follow your normal diet and take any medications in your usual fashion. As with any medical procedure, be sure to inform your physician or the technologist if there is any possibility that you are pregnant or if you have a history of allergies.
During the exam:
When you arrive, you may need to change into a gown or pajamas and will be asked to remove all metal objects before going into the scanning room. You may wish to leave your jewelry and valuables at home or we have secured lockers where you can store these items. The technologist will help position you on a padded table in front of the magnet. You will then enter the scanner feet first. The technologist will begin by moving the table into the magnet. During the exam, the technologist will be inside the control room watching you at all times. An intercom system allows you to talk freely with the technologist. As the exam starts, you may hear a variety of thumping noises, similar to light hammering. Some people find this noise relaxing, but we also have earplugs and stereo headsets available for your comfort. While the scanner is working, you may feel a slight vibration; but other than this vibration, you should not experience any other sensations. The procedure takes between 30 and 60 minutes depending on the exam and the scanner used.
Exam locations:
Mercy Imaging and Mammography Center, Carmichael;
Mercy Imaging Center, Folsom;
Mercy Imaging Center, Roseville
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MRI

Exam explanation:
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a safe diagnostic imaging technique which uses a magnetic field and radio waves to produce pictures of your body. X-rays are not used. The MRI scanner sends out radio signals to the hydrogen atoms found in the water molecules in your body. The hydrogen atoms then send back radio signals which are recorded by the MRI scanner. A computer then compiles this information and produces cross-sectional images of your body, very much like slices from a loaf of bread. Doctors are able to see many of your body’s internal structures better on MRI than with other techniques. The procedure provides excellent images of soft tissue structures like the brain, spinal cord, muscle and certain internal organs, as well as joint anatomy.
Exam preparation:
When scheduling your appointment, you will be asked if you have any metal objects in your body, since the metal may interfere with the magnetic field. MRI cannot be performed on people with: - Cardiac pacemakers or defibrillators - Neurostimulators - Some brain aneurysm clips - Metal fragments in the eye (plain film X-rays will be done of the orbits if there is prior history of a metallic foreign body) If you are having a scan of the head, we recommend that you do not wear heavy eye makeup as the metal particles in the makeup may interfere with your exam. You may follow your normal diet and take any medications in your usual fashion. As with any medical procedure, be sure to inform your physician or the technologist if there is any possibility that you are pregnant or if you have a history of allergies.
During the exam:
When you arrive, you may need to change into a gown or pajamas and will be asked to remove all metal objects before going into the scanning room. You may wish to leave your jewelry and valuables at home or we have secured lockers where you can store these items. The technologist will help position you on a padded table in front of the magnet. Depending on the type of exam you are having, you will then enter the scanner head first or feet first. The technologist will begin by moving the table into the magnet. During the exam, the technologist will be inside the control room watching you at all times. An intercom system allows you to talk freely with the technologist. As the exam starts, you may hear a variety of thumping noises, similar to light hammering. Some people find this noise relaxing, but we also have earplugs and stereo headsets available for your comfort. While the scanner is working, you may feel a slight vibration; but other than this vibration, you should not experience any other sensations. The procedure takes between 30 and 60 minutes depending on the exam and the scanner used.
Exam locations:
Mercy Imaging and Mammography Center, Carmichael;
Mercy Imaging Center, Folsom;
Mercy Imaging Center, Roseville
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Myelogram

Exam explanation:
A myelogram is a special examination of the spinal cord and its nerve roots. The exam can be used to diagnose disk disease, spinal stenosis and tumors of the spinal canal.
Exam preparation:
No preparation is required, although you will need to arrange for someone to drive you home after the examination. As with any medical procedure, be sure to inform your physician or the technologist if there is any possibility that you are pregnant or if you have a history of allergies.
During the exam:
When you arrive, you will be asked to change into a gown or pajamas. You will lie on the exam table on your stomach on a pillow to straighten the curvature of your back. The radiologist will give you a local anesthetic inserted in the spinal area. Then the radiologist will insert a needle into the spinal sac and X-ray contrast (dye) will be administered. You will be turned in various positions by the radiologist as he or she views the flow of the dye through your spine through a fluoroscope (an X-ray machine combined with a television screen). X-ray films will be taken. This exam takes approximately 30 minutes. Your doctor may request that this exam be followed up with a CT scan. If so, allow 1 1/2 to 2 hours for the whole procedure.
Exam locations:
Mercy Imaging and Mammography Center, Carmichael
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PICC Line

Exam explanation:
A PICC line (Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter) is the most commonly performed venous access procedure. PICC lines are used when daily access to veins is needed over a long period of time (usually over two weeks, possibly six to eight weeks). Placement of a PICC line involves insertion of a small tube into the upper arm. The PICC line is guided under ultrasound imaging through the veins to the superior vena cava (the largest vein near the heart). A portion of the tube is left accessible from the patient externally with one or two openings in the tube to administer medications. While not infusing medications, the exposed portion of the tube is covered under a dressing (gauze pad). PICC lines must be flushed before and after infusion. As with any medical procedure, be sure to inform your physician or the technologist if there is any possibility that you are pregnant or if you have a history of allergies.
Exam locations:
Mercy Imaging and Mammography Center, Carmichael
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Port Catheter

Exam explanation:
Ports are used when a therapy, such as chemotherapy, requires intermittent/interval high dose administration of drugs to the central veins (near the heart). Ports are used when infusion is needed for periods such as one week each month or once every other week as opposed to administration every day. Radiologists typically implant a port (permanently) in the arm, chest or other areas completely under the skin. After the incision heals nothing but a small scar and a bump are visible on the patient allowing freedom of movement. A port is a small almond shaped device connected to a tube (catheter), which runs through the vein and ends near the heart. Medications and fluids may be administered directly into the bloodstream with a simple injection through the skin and into the port. Maintenance of the port is fairly limited. Ports require flushing with heparin (a saline solution) after infusion and about once a month to prevent clots when not in use. As with any medical procedure, be sure to inform your physician or the technologist if there is any possibility that you are pregnant or if you have a history of allergies.
Exam locations:
Mercy Imaging and Mammography Center, Carmichael
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Routine Diagnostic X-ray

Exam explanation:
An X-ray image is produced when a small amount of radiation passes through the body and strikes a sheet of sensitive film placed on the other side of the body. The ability of X-rays to penetrate tissues and bones varies according to the tissue’s composition and mass. Bone, which contains calcium, does not let much radiation through and results in white images on the X-ray film. The lungs, which are filled with air, allow nearly all X-rays to strike the film resulting in a black film image.
Exam preparation:
Generally, for plain X-rays, there is no preparation. As with any medical procedure, be sure to inform your physician or the technologist if there is any possibility that you are pregnant or if you have a history of allergies.
During the exam:
Depending on the area of your body to be X-rayed, you may need to change into a gown or pajamas upon arrival. When you have an X-ray, it will usually require at least two views of the body part to be taken. Occasionally, multiple views are taken.
Exam locations:
Mercy Imaging and Mammography Center, Carmichael;
Mercy Imaging Center, Roseville;
Mercy Imaging Center, San Juan Plaza;
Mercy Imaging Center, Timberlake
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Scoliosis Study

Exam explanation:
A scoliosis exam is an X-ray exam of the spine to determine if there are abnormal lateral (to the side) curvatures.
Exam preparation:
No special preparation is required for this exam. As with any medical procedure, be sure to inform your physician or the technologist if there is any possibility that you are pregnant or if you have a history of allergies.
During the exam:
When you arrive for your exam, you will asked to change into a gown. You will stand straight up during the procedure. You will be asked to hold your breath for a very short time while one or two images of your thoracic and lumbar spine are taken with special X-ray equipment. It is a very simple and absolutely painless procedure. The exam takes approximately 15 minutes.
Exam locations:
Mercy Imaging and Mammography Center, Carmichael
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Tunnel Catheter

Exam explanation:
Tunnel catheters prevent the spread of bacteria along the pathway of a catheter (access tract) and enable the “scarring in” of the catheter to help keep it in place. Tunnel catheters are most often employed in dialysis patients and those who require ongoing nutrition via veins for an indefinite period. Tunnel catheters require daily flushing. A clot or tissue may develop around the exit end of a tunnel catheter or port impairing its function. In this circumstance, venous catheter / port contrast injection and stripping can be performed by the radiologist without removing the catheter or port. As with any medical procedure, be sure to inform your physician or the technologist if there is any possibility that you are pregnant or if you have a history of allergies.
Exam locations:
Mercy Imaging and Mammography Center, Carmichael
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Uterine Fibroid Embolization

Exam explanation:
Uterine fibroids are very common, non-cancerous (benign) growths that develop in the muscular wall of the uterus. They can range in size from very tiny (a quarter of an inch) to larger than a cantaloupe. Occasionally, they can cause the uterus to grow to the size of a five-month pregnancy. In most cases, there is more than one fibroid in the uterus. While fibroids do not always cause symptoms, their size and location can lead to problems for some women, including pain and heavy bleeding. Fibroids can dramatically increase in size during pregnancy. This is thought to occur because of the increase in estrogen levels during pregnancy. After pregnancy, the fibroids usually shrink back to their pre-pregnancy size. They typically improve after menopause when the level of estrogen, the female hormone that circulates in the blood, decreases dramatically. However, menopausal women who are taking supplemental estrogen (hormone replacement therapy) may not experience relief of symptoms. Fibroid tumors of the uterus are very common, but for most women they either do not cause symptoms or cause only minor symptoms. Fibroids can cause very heavy menstrual bleeding, clotting and pelvic pain, leading many women to seek treatment. Fibroids often fail to respond to medical therapy and then surgical procedures are often recommended. Prevelence: 20 to 40 percent of women age 35 and older have uterine fibroids of a significant size. African American women are at a higher risk for fibroids; as many as 50 percent have fibroids of a significant size. Uterine fibroids are the most frequent indication for hysterectomy in pre-menopausal women and, therefore, are a major public health issue. Of the 600,000 hysterectomies performed annually in the United States, one third of these are due to fibroids. Q. What are uterine fibroids? Uterine fibroids are the most common tumors of the female genital tract. You might hear them referred to as “fibroids” or by several other names, including leiomyoma, leiomyomata, myoma and fibromyoma. Fibroids are non-cancerous (benign) growths that develop in the muscular wall of the uterus. While fibroids do not always cause symptoms, their size and location can lead to problems for some women, including pain and heavy bleeding. The exact causes for fibroid development are unclear, but researchers have linked them to both a genetic predisposition and a subsequent development of susceptibility to hormone stimulation. Women may have a genetic predisposition to fibroid development and then subsequently develop factors that allow fibroids to grow under the influence of a number of hormones. This would explain why certain ethnic or racial groups are more likely to develop fibroids and also why there tends to be genetic predisposition in some families. Fibroids range greatly in size from very tiny to the size of a cantaloupe or larger. In some cases, they can cause the uterus to grow to the size of a five-month pregnancy or more. Fibroids may be located in various parts of the uterus. In most cases, there is more than one fibroid in the uterus. There are three primary types of uterine fibroids. Subserosal fibroids,which develop under the outside covering of the uterus and expand outward through the wall, giving the uterus a knobby appearance. They typically do not affect a woman’s menstrual flow, but can cause pelvic pain, back pain and generalized pressure. The subserosal fibroid can develop a stalk or stem-like base, making it difficult to distinguish from an ovarian mass. These are called pedunculated. The correct diagnosis can be made with either an ultrasound or magnetic resonance (MR) exam. Intramural fibroids develop within the lining of the uterus and expand inward, increasing the size of the uterus and making it feel larger than normal in a gynecologic internal exam. These are the most common fibroids. Intramural fibroids can result in heavier menstrual bleeding and pelvic pain, back pain or the generalized pressure that many women experience.
Exam preparation:
For more information, please call Sheryl Schroeder (Interventional Clinical Coordinator), EVLT/Interventional hotline, at 916.863.2804, ext. 115. As with any medical procedure, be sure to inform your physician or the technologist if there is any possibility that you are pregnant or if you have a history of allergies.
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